GOTHIC

The Gothic design period developed out of the Romanesque. It really contrasts with the Romanesque period, which was solid and heavy, because of it's lightness and appearance of weightlessness. 

 

The Gothic design period has three main characteristics: the pointed arch, ribbed vault, flying buttresses. These architectural elements really open up the space and allows light to flow in. The vaulted ceilings are lifted high up on thin columns and many stained glass windows create a sense of beauty, particularly the typical rose windows. 

Most of the quintessential Gothic cathedrals are found in France, however there are beautiful examples of Gothic architecture all over Europe. In particular, the examples found in England are lower and longer, but just as striking. 

For example, a cathedral that I visited in England - Salisbury Cathedral - is an example of early English Gothic. 

In addition to the main cathedral building there are beautiful cloisters...

 

and an octagonal chapter house that houses one of the four surviving original copies of the Magna Carta. 

http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/salisbury-cathedral.html

Influence on Modern Design

Examples of the influence of Gothic architecture on modern design are easy to find. It's such a striking period that it's frequently revived in modern furniture and buildings (including some in Chicago). 

Holy Name Cathedral in Chicago

Tribune Tower in Chicago